CVE-2026-49170 - Windows StateRepository API Server file Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability - is an insufficient granularity of access control issue in Windows StateRepository API Server files that can allow elevation of privilege to SYSTEM. Microsoft rates it as HIGH severity with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 and temporal score of 6.8. The attack vector is LOCAL, with LOW attack complexity, LOW privileges required, and no user interaction. Microsoft indicates no public disclosure and no known exploitation, but exploitation is marked as more likely. Because the issue is local-only rather than network-exposed, enterprise risk is highest on systems where attackers can obtain local access.

Highlights:
- CVSS scores: Base 7.8 - Temporal 6.8
- Exploit status & code maturity: Publicly Disclosed: No; Exploited: No; Exploit Code Maturity: UNPROVEN
- Impact: Elevation of Privilege; confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts are all HIGH
- Exploitation likelihood: Exploitation More Likely; vector context is LOCAL, LOW attack complexity, LOW privileges required, and no user interaction
- Severity for enterprise: High technical severity, but lower exposure risk than a network-facing vulnerability because exploitation requires local access; systems with untrusted local users or code are higher risk
- Patch status: available; customer action required

Affected systems:
- Windows 10 1809
- Windows 10 21H2
- Windows 10 22H2
- Windows 11 24H2
- Windows 11 25H2
- Windows 11 26H1
- Windows 11 unspecified
- Windows Server 2019
- Windows Server 2022
- Windows Server 2025